[4]   See Conrad F. Meier, Destroying Insurance Markets (Chicago: The Heartland Institute, 2005); for the expierence in New Jersey see Alan C. Monheit et al., Community rating and sustainable individual health insurance markets in New Jersey, Health Affairs 23-4 (2004): 167-175.

[5]   John E. McDonough et al., The Third Wave of Massachusetts Health Care Access Reform, Health Affairs 25-6 (2006): w420-w431.

[6]   See Brief for Petitioners (Minimum Coverage Provision), idem.

[7]   See Brief for State Respondents on the Minimum Coverage Provision, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs/11-398_resp_state.authcheckdam.pdf.

[8]   See Briefs for Petitioners and Respondents, idem. To complicate things, the penalty could be a tax in the constitutional sense, but not in the Anti-Injunction Act sense.

[9]   See Brief for the Amici Curiae Economist in Support of State Petitioners Regarding Medicaid Expansion, http://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/publications/supreme_court_preview/briefs/11-398_respondents_amcu_economists.authcheckdam.pdf.

[10]  German Federal Constitutional Court, Press Release 59/2009 of 10 June 2009, http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/pressemitteilungen/bvg09-059en.html.

[11] See Kerstin Blum, Health vs. Profit: Anti-Smoking efforts in Germany, Health Policy Monitor, 11/2006, http://www.hpm.org/survey/ger/a8/1.

[12] See Linda Greenhouse, The U.S. Supreme Court (Oxford University Press, 2012), p. 65